Internal combustion engine



April 5, 1932. J, SPEER I 1,852,133

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed June 4, 1928' EEI x.- V I I Patented Apr. 5, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE' JAMES A. SPEER, OF WICHITA, KANSAS, ASSIGNOR TO WAUKESHA MOTOR COMPANY, OF

' 'WAUKESHA, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF WISCONSIN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Application filed June 4, 1928. Serial No. 282,657.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and particularly to a high compression cylinder head in which the gasis under highcompression. at the time of com-' 10 the explosion takes place in line with the axial center of the piston. By initially combusting the gas in a pocket or chamber to one side of the cylinder and then continuing the combustion in a circular path about the axis of 15, the piston and finally completing the combustion throughout the entire cross-sectional area of the cylinder, I am enabled to have all of the advantages of a high compression engine without liability of ignition knocks.

There are other advantages of my invention which will be apparent by reference to the following description in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a sectional view through the head of an internal combustion engine constructed in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view on the line 22 of Fig. 1.

' Fig. 3 is .a sectional view on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1. V

Fig. 4 is an inverted perspective view of the head.

Figures 5, 6 and 7 are sectional views on the line 55, 6-6 and 7.7 respectively, Fig. 4 and Fig. 8 is a sectional view of a slightly modified form of my invention.

The engine cylinder and head are shown of the L-head type in which at least the. ex-

In Figures 1 to 7 both the intake and the exhaust take place in ofl'set relation to the cylinder but in Fig. 8 the intake may be controlled by an overhead valve in axial allnement with the piston, but in that form the exhaust ports will be located substantially in the same positions that they occupy in Figures .1 to 4, both inclusive. The cylinder 1 is provided with the head 2 which may be 1 bolted or. otherwise secured thereto. The

haust is ofiset with respect to the cylinder.

head 2 which constitutes the major portion of my invention is provided with a chamber 3 surrounded by a counter-chamber 4 to receive the high compression extension 5 on the end of the cylinder 6. The high compression extension 5 is of smaller diameter than the cylinder so as to provide a shoulder 7. The chamber 3 overlaps the cylinder 1 and merges into a passage-way or chamber 8 provided with counter-sunk valve recesses 9 and 10 and a spark plug opening 11. The chamber recess 3 is of progressively increasing depths from the point farthest from the valves to the edge of the cylinder and then increases toward the valves. For example, the portion 12 is relatively shallowv so that there is no chamber portion between the circular wall 13 surrounding the recess 4 and the wall 14 of the head. About half way across the recess 3, for example at 15, the recess 3 begins to deepen until it is deepest as indicated in Figure 4 until it merges at 16 into a wide, deep recess or chamber embracin the chamber 8. The chamber 8 becomes sliggitly shallower adjacent to the recesses 9 and 10. Immediately beneath these recesses is 9, cylinder part 17 having valve seats 18 and 19 for the intake and exhaust valves 20 and 21. When the intake valve opens, it is received in the recess 9 so that the gas can pass in an unobstructed stream into the cylinder through the passage-way formed by the recess 8 and of course, durin this time the exhaust valve 19 will be seate On the compression stroke, the piston will move to substantially the position shown in Fig. 1 where the gas will be put under high compression on account of close clearance between the end of the piston and the head. The gas wlll be squeezed into the chamber or recess 3 under very high compression then when combustion takes place at the spark plug 22, the imtial combustion will take place in the enlar'ged recess 8 and pass around the wall 13 1 exerting pressure on the shoulder 7 until combustion takes place in chamber 4, thus preventing spark knocks.

During the exhaust stroke of the piston,

' the valve 21 will be up in the recess 10 so that the burnt gases will pass" out through the exhaust port' 19 without flowing over both faces of the valve. Hence, danger of the valve warping due to excessive heat will be reduced to a minimum. In Fig. 8 I have shown a SJ slightly modified form of the invention in which the intake port 23 is over the piston in the recess 4 and it has a poppet-valve 24 which may be operated in any appropriate manner. In such a construction, I may still utilize two valves similar to valves 18 and 19 in which instance, the valves will be both used as exhaust valves.

With my invention I can provide for very high compression without liability of the objectionable ignition knocks frequently found in high compression engines and I can eflect perfect scavenging of the engine.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters-Patent is 1. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having an L-head, valve receiving recesses in the head into which the valves pass when unseated, a recess in the head concentric with the piston and of less diameter than the piston, a space surrounding the recess of progressivel increasing depth toward the L portion 0 the head, a piston and a constricted extension on the piston receivable in the concentric recess.

2. An L-head internal combustionengine comprising a cylinder block having acylinder and inlet and outlet ports arranged in triangular relationship, a head overlying said c linder and ports and providing a combust1on chamber, valves for said ports, and an lndependent recess in sa1d head for each said valves, sa1d recesses receivlng the heads of said valves respectively upon opening.

3. An L-head internal combustion en 'ne comprising a cylinder block having a cy inder and inlet and outlet ports arranged in triangular relationship, a head overlying said cylin pendent recess in said head for each said valves, said recesses receiving the heads of said valves respectively upon opening, and spark ignition means disposed between said recesses.

4. An L-head internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder block having a cylinder and inlet and outlet ports arranged in trian ular relationship, a head overlying said cylin er and ports and providing a combust1on chamber, valves for said ports, an independent recess in said head for each said valves, sa1d recesses receiving the heads of said valves respectively upon opening, a reoess between said two first named recesses, and spark ignition means disposed in said last named recess.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

JALIES'A. SPE-ER.

er and ports and providing a combust1on chamber, valves for said ports, an inde- 

